The circuit is made up of a variable power supply, a variable resistor R and, a light bulb all connected in series.
An ammeter, placed in series, allows the current, I, to be measured. A voltmeter connected in parallel with the resistor, R, allows the voltage across the resistor VR to be measured.
The light bulb acts like a resistor, RA, with resistance equal to 10Ω.
The curve shows the power dissipated in the the resistor. The unit of power is the Watt (W).
P = VR x I = R x I2
The variable resistor, R, allows control of the current intensity in the circuit.